Prophet Muhammadﷺ, born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 CE, is the central figure of Islam and the last prophet according to Islamic belief. His life is characterized by significant events, teachings, and revelations that shaped the religion of Islam. Here is a brief overview of his life:
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Early Life:
Muhammadﷺ was born into the Hashim clan of the powerful Quraysh tribe. He lost his father before birth and his mother at a young age. He grew up in Mecca under the care of his grandfather and later his uncle. Known for his honesty and integrity, he earned the title of "Al-Amin" (the trustworthy) among the people of Mecca.
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Prophethood and Revelation
At the age of 40, while meditating in a cave on Mount Hira, Muhammadﷺ received his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel. This marked the beginning of his prophethood and a series of revelations that were compiled into the holy book of Islam, the Quran, over a period of 23 years.
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Preaching Monotheism
Muhammadﷺ started preaching the message of monotheism (belief in one God) and called people to abandon the idols worshipped in Mecca. He faced opposition from the Quraysh leaders and endured persecution along with his early followers.
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Migration to Medina (Hijra)
As persecution escalated, Muhammadﷺ and his followers migrated to the city of Medina in 622 CE. This event, known as the Hijra, marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammadﷺ established a diverse community and assumed leadership over both religious and civic affairs.
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Consolidation of Authority
In Medina, Muhammadﷺ continued to receive revelations that addressed various aspects of social, legal, and ethical matters. He also faced conflicts with the Quraysh and other tribes. His leadership led to the establishment of a strong Islamic community.
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Conquests and Expansion
Muhammadﷺ and his followers eventually returned to Mecca, where he peacefully reclaimed the city and removed the idols from the Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam. Over the next few years, he led military campaigns to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islamic rule.
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Final Years and Passing
In his last sermon, delivered during his Farewell Pilgrimage, Muhammadﷺ emphasized unity, social justice, and human rights. He died later that year in Medina at the age of 63. His death marked the end of prophethood, as Muslims believe that he was the final messenger sent by God.
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Legacy
Muhammad'sﷺ teachings, as recorded in the Quran and the Hadith (sayings and actions attributed to him), continue to be the foundation of Islamic faith and practice. His exemplary character, compassion, and commitment to social justice have inspired countless individuals throughout history.
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Prophet Muhammad's life and teachings have had a profound and lasting impact on the course of history, shaping the lives of billions of people and influencing various aspects of culture, law, and ethics in the Muslim world and beyond.